Unit 0: Foundations

Module 01: Four Core Concepts of Biology

Module 02: Scientific Inquiry

Module 03: Visual Representations

Tutorial 1: Graphing

Illustrative Example: The Extinction of the Dinosaurs

Unit 1: Chemistry of Life

Module 1: Elements of Life

Module 2: Structure of Water and Hydrogen Bonding

Module 3: Carbohydrates and Lipids

Module 4: Nucleic Acids

Module 5: Proteins

Tutorial 2: Statistics

Illustrative Example: Luck and Penicillin

Unit 1 AP Practice Questions

Unit 2: Cells

Module 6: An Introduction to the Cell

Module 7: Cell Structure and Function

Module 8: Cell Size

Module 9: Plasma Membrane

Module 10: Mechanisms of Membrane Transport

Module 11: Osmosis, Tonicity, and Osmoregulation

Module 12: Origin of Compartmentalization and the Eukaryotic Cell

Illustrative Example: Plant-Fungal Associations

Unit 2 AP Practice Questions

Unit 3: Cellular Energetics

Module 13: Cellular Energy

Module 14: Enzymes and Environmental Impact on Enzyme Function

Module 15: Photosynthesis I: Overview

Module 16: Photosynthesis II: Biochemistry and Evolution

Module 17: Cellular Respiration I: Overview

Module 18: Cellular Respiration II: Biochemistry

Illustrative Example: A Photosynthetic Salamander

Unit 3 AP Practice Questions

Unit 4: Cell Communication and Cell Cycle

Module 19: Cell Communication

Module 20: Introduction to Signal Transduction

Module 21: Signal Transduction Pathways

Module 22: Feedback

Module 23: Cell Cycle

Module 24: Regulation of Cell Cycle

Illustrative Example: Cell Signaling and Cancer

Unit 4 AP Practice Questions

Unit 5: Heredity

Module 25: Meiosis and Genetic Diversity

Module 26: Mendelian Genetics

Tutorial 3: Probability

Module 27: Non-Mendelian Genetics

Module 28: Environmental Effects on Phenotypes

Illustrative Example: Living in a Lonely and Scary World

Unit 5 AP Practice Questions

Unit 6: Gene Expression and Regulation

Module 29: DNA and RNA Structure and Function

Module 30: DNA Replication

Module 31: Transcription and RNA Processing

Module 32: Translation

Module 33: Regulation of Gene Expression

Module 34: Cell Specialization and Development

Module 35: Mutations

Module 36: Biotechnology

Illustrative Example: CRISPR Scissors

Unit 6 AP Practice Questions

Unit 7: Evolution and Natural Selection

Module 37: Introduction to Evolution and Natural Selection

Module 38: Natural and Artificial Selection

Module 39: Population Genetics

Module 40: Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Module 41: Evidence of Common Ancestry and Evolution

Module 42: Continuing Evolution

Module 43: Phylogeny

Module 44: Speciation

Module 45: Variation in Populations

Module 46: Origins of Life on Earth

Illustrative Example: The Anthropocene

Unit 7 AP Practice Questions

Unit 8: Ecology

Module 47: Responses to the Environment

Module 48: Energy Flow through Ecosystems

Module 49: Population Ecology

Module 50: Effect of Density on Populations

Tutorial 4: Rate and Growth in Populations Ecology

Module 51: Community Ecology

Module 52: Biodiversity

Module 53: Disruptions in Ecosystems

Illustrative Example: Impacts of Salt on Freshwater Ecosystems

Unit 8 AP Practice Questions

Cumulative AP Biology Practice Exam

Enrichment Modules

Enrichment Module A: The Nervous, Endocrine, and Immune Systems

Enrichment Module B: Animal Sensory Systems

Enrichment Module C: Viruses

Glossary / Glosario

Answers to Concept Check, Review, and Tutorial Practice Questions

The Periodic Table of the Elements

Biology for the AP Course