Foreword ix
Francis ALLARD

Introduction xi
Acknowledgments xiii

Chapter 1. Space Heating 1
1.1. Ambient temperature in buildings 1
1.2. Types of installations 2
1.3. Layout of an installation 5
1.3.1. Emission 6
1.3.2. Distribution 20
1.3.3. Storage 32
1.3.4. Safety 36
1.3.5. Production 37
1.3.6. District heating networks (wood/gas) 103
1.4. Conclusion and prospects 107

Chapter 2. Domestic Hot Water 109
2.1. Principle of a DHW installation 109
2.1.1. Uses and demands for DHW 109
2.1.2. The elements of a DHW installation 110
2.1.3. The different types of installations 113
2.2. DHW consumption 116
2.2.1. DHW demands 117
2.2.2. Thermal losses in the distribution system 120
2.2.3. Thermal losses of the loop network 122
2.2.4. Heat losses of storage tanks 124
2.2.5. Thermal losses of the generator 124
2.2.6. Consumption by the pumps 125
2.3. The various DHW systems 126
2.3.1. Individual DHW production without heating. 126
2.3.2. Individual DHW production system with heating 149
2.3.3. Collective DHW production. 153
2.4. Conclusion and prospects 164

Chapter 3. Cooling and Air Conditioning 167
3.1. Cooling demand 167
3.1.1. History 168
3.1.2. Temperature in summer 168
3.1.3. Indicators for comfort in summer 169
3.2. Principle and hygrothermal balance 172
3.2.1. Definitions 172
3.2.2. Hygrothermal balance 173
3.2.3. Cooling loads 175
3.2.4. Role of fresh air in the balance calculation 177
3.2.5. Impacts for design 177
3.3. The different AC systems 179
3.3.1. Classification of AC systems 179
3.3.2. Direct expansion AC systems 179
3.3.3. Air-based cooling systems 190
3.3.4. Air-water mixed cooling systems 214
3.3.5. Water-based cooling systems 223
3.3.6. Solar cooling systems 229
3.4. The compact, multifunction machine. 230
3.5. Criteria governing the choice of a cooling system 232
3.6. Conclusion and prospects 234Contents vii

Chapter 4. Control and Command of HVAC Systems 237
4.1. Introduction 237
4.2. Tertiary-sector decree and BACS decree 238
4.3. Different control arrangements 240
4.4. Different control points in BMS 246
4.5. Functional analysis 248

Conclusion. 249
References 251
Appendices 253
List of Acronyms. 263
List of Authors 267
Index 269

Building Energy Efficiency 2

Heating, DHW, Air Conditioning and BMS