List of figures List of tables Introduction, Karen E. Young, Senior Research Scholar at the Columbia University Center on Global Energy Policy PART ONE: FINANCING, REGULATION, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT FOR THE ENERGY TRANSITION 1 .A look back at 2020: GCC COVID-19 response, reforms, energy transition concerns and microcompetitiveness, Yesar Al-Maleki, Gulf Analyst at Middle East Economic Survey (MEES) 2. The future of Gulf NOC–IOC partnerships, Colby Connelly, Senior Research Analyst at Energy Intelligence 3. Mechanisms to finance climate investments in the Middle East and North Africa, Lama Kiyasseh, Risk Management Officer at the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency 4. Political priorities and economic realities: Financing the renewable energy transition in Saudi Arabia and Oman, Piotr G. S. Schulkes, Former Non-Resident Scholar at the Middle East Institute 5. The political dimensions of energy transition in MENA: A changing landscape at the national, regional and global levels, Younes Abouyoub, Senior Research Fellow in the Department of Political Science at the University of New England PART TWO: NEW ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR DEVELOPMENT IN THE MIDDLE EAST 6. The next big thing in MENA power – grids and energy storage, Jessica Obeid, Founding Partner at New Energy Consult 7. Green hydrogen production in North Africa: Challenges and opportunities, Michaël Tanchum, Professor at Universidad de Navarra PART THREE: CASE STUDIES IN THE ENERGY TRANSITION 8. Qatar’s LNG industry in the age of hydrocarbon markets: Instability and energy transition, Nikolay Kozhanov, Research Associate Professor at Qatar University 9. Renewable energy diplomacy: The Gulf States in the Caucasus and Central Asia, Li-Chen Sim, Assistant Professor at Khalifa University Conclusion, Karen E. Young, Senior Research Scholar at the Columbia University Center on Global Energy Policy

Energy Transitions in the Middle East

Challenges and Opportunities