New Dimensions of Economic Regionalism. BRICS' Integration and Independence through Globalization

Essay from the year 2019 in the subject Economics - Foreign Trade Theory, Trade Policy, University of KwaZulu-Natal, language: English, abstract: The BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) are a fine example of explaining the new dimension of economic regionalism where BRICS intra-regional trade relations become the binding factor towards its economic integration and independence. The existing literature is focused on the economic integration of the five emerging countries, for example the economic integration theory (EIT) assumes that increasing globalization and technological progress leads to freer trade and movement of economic factors as well as to deeper integration over time. It shows that physical border is no longer a criterion for economic interdependence and integration within a group while the concerns and common interests form important factors for a new dimension of economic regionalism. The concept of economic regionalism is defined as an empirically observable process of increasing cross-border activities, cooperation and coordination within a group of countries through integration. Originally, the concept of economic regionalism has been based on economic cooperation between natural partners (neighbouring countries or countries on the same continent). But since technological progress reduced transaction costs, intercontinental and global economic integration has become important in recent decades. Geographical distance may stay important for trade flows, but intercontinental relations of emerging countries record a steady rise in trade relations. In general, regionalism could be defined as preferential cooperation among nations that are relocated in terms of geographical proximity, with certain common characteristics such as historical, cultural, political and so forth. The objective of cooperation might be economic, political, or cultural in nature. In this context, the economic regionalism is considered more autonomous, outward-oriented, comprehensive and multi-dimensional process which includes trade and economic integration, environment and social policy issues relating to security and democracy, where the nation-states and other actors play an important role.