The Islamic Months
The Ottoman Sultans, c1300-1687
List of Illustrations
Preface
Maps
Figures

Chapter I: The Dynasty: Legitimation and Titulature

Section 1: The Assertions of the Chroniclers

The voice of the dervishes: the dream of Ertogrul
a. From the Anonymous Chronicles
b. From the Tevarikh-i Al-i ¿O¿man
The voice of the gazis: how ¿Osman became an independent ruler
The voice of the ¿ulema: how ¿Osman became an independent ruler
a. Kitab-i Cihan-nüma about why ¿Osman is called gazi
b. Kitab-i Cihan-nüma about how drum and standard came to ¿Osman
Pagan Turkish tradition: the genealogy of the Ottoman sultans
a. Yazicioglu 'Ali on the line of ¿Osman
b. Sükrullah on the line of ¿Osman
Conflation in the Oxford Anonymous Chronicle

Section 2: Titulature: Caliphal Claims

Inscription of Kay¿osrev II (1236-46) on the sea walls at Antalya
Inscription on the tomb of the Aydin-oglu Mu¿ammad (d. 1334) at Birgi
Inscription of 1337. from the Sehadet Mosque in Bursa
Inscription from a bridge in Ankara, dated 1375
Other inscriptions referring to Murad I
Dedicatory notice in a Qur¿an preserved in the mausoleum of Murad I
Inscription on the tomb of Bayezid I, dated 809/1406-7
Title-page of an almanac (in Persian), dated 824. (1421)
A reference in ¿ursun Beg's History of Me¿med II
A reference in Celalzade's History of Süleyman I
Ebu¿s-Su¿ud's proemium to his statement on 'state lands'
The second deposition of Mu¿¿afa I, 1623
Fatwas on the Ghalzay Ashraf, 1726
Süleyman I to Archduke Ferdinand of Austria, 1554

Sources

Chapter II: The Dynasty: Princes

Section 1: The Appointment of Princes in the Early Fourteenth Century

¿Osman's sons
Or¿an's sons
Or¿an's sons, after the conquest of Nicaea

Section 2: Princely Governorships

Prince ¿orkud leaves Istanbul for his governorship
A letter from Prince ¿Alemsah's mother Gülru¿ to Bayezid II
A decree of Prince A¿med to the yaya yoldaslar
A decree of Prince Selim [II]
A decree of Prince Me¿med [III]

Section 3: Fratricide

Statement of the former Byzantine Emperor John VI Kantakouzenos
The accession of Bayezid I, 1389
a. From the Anonymous Chronicles
The civil war (1402-13)
The accession of Murad II, 1421
The accession of Bayezid II, 1481
The first accession of Me¿med II, 1444
The second accession of Me¿med II, 1451
a. From Michael Doukas's Historia Turco-Byzantina
b. From Ibn Kemal's Tevârih-i Âl-i Osmân
Popular criticism of fratricide: the story of the abdication of ¿Ali Pasha
The accession of Me¿med III, 1595
The accession of A¿med I, 1603

Sources

Chapter III: The Dynasty: Recruitment into the Sultan's Service

Section 1: Pencik and Devsirme

A decree regulating the pencik
Tolls to be levied on slaves taken across the Bosphorus
A template decree for levying boys for the devsirme
A Janissary lobbies the sultan on behalf of his family
Escaping the devsirme
The recovery of a captured novice

Section 2: Promotion to the Sultan's Service

Command to the aga of the Janissaries, 1562/3
Command to the aga of the Janissaries, 1567/8
Command to the aga of the Janissaries, 1560/1
Command to the aga of the Janissaries, 1573/4
Command to the aga of the Janissaries, 1583
The pay of palace servants: an account register from 1478

Section 3: Berats

The appointment of a preacher in Bursa
The appointment of a beglerbegi
The appointment of a ¿a¿i
The appointment of a metropolitan
The appointment of mountain guards

Sources

Chapter IV: The Vizierate and the Divan

The A¿af-name of Lu¿fi Pasa
The divan: a Venetian account
Submissions to the sultan
a. Submission of the vizier Yemisçi ¿asan Pasa
b. Submission of the vizier Yemisçi ¿asan Pasa
c. Submission of the vizier Yemisçi ¿asan Pasa
d. Submission of the vizier Yemisçi ¿asan Pasa
e. Submission of Yemisçi ¿asan Pasa
f. Submission of the grand vizier Me¿med Pasa
The sultan's written instructions
Death of a grand vizier: report of Henry Lello

Sources

Chapter V: The Provincial Administration and the Timar System

From the report of Iacopo de Promontorio, c1475-80
An entry in a timar-register, with marginal notes
a. Timar of Inebegi and ¿üseyn, sons of ser¿asker ¿asan
b. [Possibly relating to the village of Yilinça]
c. [possibly relating to the village of Pirvol]
Two entries from the detailed register of Amid, 1518
a. Timar of Yemini the Kurd, a sipahi of the sanca¿ of Amid
b. Timar of Sa¿du¿llah the ya¿avul, a sipahi of the sanca¿ of Amid
Sundry marginal notes in a summary-register of c1445, Thessaloniki etc.
Marginal notes in a similar register of 1455, Skopje
a. Timar of Musa, retainer (¿idmetkar) of ¿Isa Beg
b. Timar of Yusuf, kinsman of the mir-a¿ur ¿amza Beg
Two timar grants
a. Thessaloniki: the timar of Me¿med
b. Yala¿abad [in the sanca¿ of] ¿ocaeli
Conversion of privately-owned revenue to a ¿a¿¿-estate
A call for volunteers before the Moldavian campaign, 1484
Submissions by and to the sanca¿ begi of Bosnia, c1512-14
a. The sanca¿ begi of Iskodra to Yunus Pasa of Bosnia
b. The sancak begi of Zvornik to Yunus
c. The sanca¿begi of Bosnia to the na¿ib of Visoka
d. The sanca¿ begi of Bosnia to the Porte
e. The sanca¿begi of Bosnia to the Porte
f. The sanca¿begi of Bosnia to the Porte
g. The sanca¿begi of Bosnia to the Pasa
h. The sanca¿begi of Bosnia to the Pasa
'The good old days'

Sources

Chapter VI: The Religio-Legal Institution

Section 1: Law and Religious Practice

Passages on the law of sale from ¿anafi legal texts
a. From al-Matn of al-Quduri (d. 1037)
b. From al-Ikhtiyar fi ta¿lil al-Mukhtar of al-Mu¿ili (d. 1284)
c. From al-Fatawa of Qa¿ikhan (d. 1195)
A fatwa on the application of Shafi¿i doctrine
A fatwa on acquiring land for a new mosque construction
A fatwa on taxing land occupied by descendants of the Prophet
A fatwa on a ¿a¿i granting unauthorised tax exemptions
A fatwa on Rumelian ¿a¿is issuing ¿üccets
A fatwa on sipahis taking a tithe
A fatwa on Muslim villagers neglecting prayer
A fatwa on money fines for neglecting prayer
A fatwa on executing a repentant heretic sey¿
Command to the sanca¿begi of Amasya
Command to the sanca¿begi of Amasya, Ilyas beg
To the sanca¿begi of Kastamonu and the ¿a¿i of Küre
To the ¿a¿i of Niksar

Section 2: The Administration of Law

A ¿üccet on repairs to a monastery on Mount Athos
A ¿üccet on returning a defective slave-girl to the vendor
A sicill-entry on the sale of a vacant site by a Muslim to a dhimmi
A sicill-entry on a debt owed by a dhimmi to a Muslim
A sicill-entry on a money loan
A sicill-entry on the daughter of a recent convert
A sicill-entry on divorce and the legality of the wife's second marriage
A sicill-entry on cloth measuring short
A sicill-entry on unsatisfactory goods
A sicill-entry on a complaint by the weavers' guild
A sicill-entry on a smith not receiving his dues
A sicill-entry on the payment of tax on a slave girl
A sicill-entry on the ownership of sheep
A sicill-entry on a burglary
A sicill-entry on a violent argument between father and son
A sicill-entry of a command to the sanca¿begis and ¿a¿is of Ana¿oli
A sicill-entry of a command to the ¿a¿i and the inspector of mu¿a¿a¿as
A fatwa on contracting marriage between minors
A fatwa on the validity of contracting marriage without the ¿a¿i
A fatwa on re-marrying without intermediate marriage
A fatwa on giving customs money as zakat
A fatwa on giving alms
A fatwa on a preacher's statement about a ¿a¿i
A fatwa on the testimony of foreign merchants (¿arbi) against a dhimmi
A fatwa on a Christian woman's charitable endowment
A fatwa on the Ottoman conquest of Istanbul and its surroundings
A fatwa on slaves purchasing slaves of their own
A fatwa on the sultan's slaves contracting marriages
A fatwa on a ¿a¿i acting outside his jurisdiction
A fatwa on the dismissal of a debauched ¿a¿i
A fatwa on the death of a falsely accused person after wrongful torture
A fatwa on extortionate loan transactions
A fatwa on tax income for sipahis
A fatwa on tax income, including in kind, for sipahis
A fatwa on bennak tax
A fatwa on capitation tax (ispençe), grape tithe and taxes on pigs
A fatwa on a rebellious son of the sultan
A fatwa on those who lead the sultan astray
A fatwa on deposing a sultan who disturbs order by accepting bribery
A fatwa on the legality of killing fomenters of corruption
A fatwa on punishment for a thief stealing from the imperial treasury

Sources

Chapter VII: ¿anunnames

The 'Kraelitz text'
The ¿anunname of ¿üdavendgar, 1487
Extracts from the 'general' ¿anunname, c1500
The ¿anunname of Siverek, 1518
The ¿anunname of Sis, 1518
The ¿anunname of Nikopol, reign of Süleyman I
a. Instructions on dealing with the timars of the district
b. Exposition of the ¿anunname of the voynu¿s
Extracts from the ¿anunname of Egypt, after 1525

Sources

Chapter VIII: Taxation and Finance

Annual income and expenditure of the Imperial Treasury
a. An estimate of treasury income and expenditure, c1475-80
b. An estimate of treasury income and expenditure for the years 1527-8
Customs and mu¿a¿a¿as
a. Entry from a register of mu¿a¿a¿as
b. Entry from a register of mu¿a¿a¿as
c. A decree granting a mu¿a¿a¿a
d. The problems of a tax-farmer
e. Demand for the delivery of payment due from a tax-farm
f. Tax avoidance
g. Tax arrangements in newly conquered fortified towns
h. A command written to the ¿a¿i and the fortress-commander of Kili
Silver mines
a. Instructions to a farmer of silver mines
b. Extract from a register for Bosnia, 1489
Jizya
a. Instructions to a jizya-collector
b. Two extracts from a jizya register
c. Accounts for the jizya of the infidels of the vilayet of Menlik
Debasement of the coinage
a. Debasement under Me¿med II
b. A debasement heralds a mutiny

Sources

Chapter IX: Waqfs

Section 1: Foundation and Function

Founding a waqf
A vizieral waqf
A new waqf
Waqfs established by conquerors and colonisers
a. The waqf of Murad I
b.The waqf of the ¿aru Sey¿
c. Note protecting dervishes who descend from the district's conqueror
The Waqf of Musa
a. A note on the village of ¿izil Delü, 1412
b. A register entry on the waqf of ¿izil Delü, sixteenth century
c. A renewed berat for ¿izil Delü Sultan's waqf, 1641/2
d. An undated register entry on the waqf of ¿izil Delü
e. Note appended to an undated register entry on the waqf of ¿izil Delü
The Waqf of Or¿an
Waqfs in decline
a. The Waqf of Dervis Bayezid in Seydi Kavagi
b. The Waqf of Sagri ¿atun
c. Waqf of the zaviye of ¿a¿i ¿ala¿u¿d-Din
The waqfiya of Selçük bint ¿Abdu¿llah, freedwoman of Me¿med

Section 2: Problems

A cash and family waqf
Cash and charitable waqfs
a. The Waqf of charitable donors (erbab-i ¿ayrat) in the quarter
b. Waqf of charitable donors
c. Waqf of ¿acci Me¿med in the village of Seynelü
d. The Waqf of ¿acci ¿asan b. Uruc the Felter
Cash waqfs: Questions of legality
a. A question on donating profit from interest
b. A question on interest
c. A question on using legal devices
d. A question on making restitution for not lending out waqf moneys

Sources

Chapter X: Treaties and Foreign Relations

The Genoese treaty with Murad I, 1387
The Byzantine-Turkish Treaty of 1403
The peace settlement of 1444
a. The sworn statement of Ibrahim Beg of ¿araman, 1444
b. The Treaty of Edirne, 1444
A grant of peace and of free passage for merchants
An offer to pay tribute
The peace terms offered by Süleyman I to Charles V, 1547
The English capitulations, 1580
The troubles of an ambassador
Latin text of the agreement at Zsitva-Torok, 1606

Sources

Glossary; Bibliography; Index

Ottoman Historical Documents

The Institutions of an Empire