Terrorism and Tourism. The influence of international terrorism on tourism

Seminar paper from the year 2017 in the subject Economics - Macro-economics, general, grade: 2, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, language: English, abstract: Introdution Tourism is among the worlds biggest industry (Eilat & Einav, 2004). It has a very big impät on the eonomy and bring a lot of money for it. The tourism industry is suseptible to shoks, suh as terror attäks or the inidene of infetious disease (Edmonds & Mak, 2006). In the 21st entury, tourism emerges as a signifiant inome generating setor as well as weapon for growth and survival for various ountries. I selet Enders and Sandlers (2002) view of terrorism as the premeditated use or threat of use of extra-normal violene or brutality by sub-national groups to obtain a politial, religious, or ideologial objetive through intimidation of a huge audiene, usually not diretly involved with the poliymaking that the terrorists seek to influene. Although the motives of terrorists may be very different, their ätions follow a standard pattern with terrorist inidents assuming a variety of forms: airplane hijäkings, kidnappings, assassinations, threats, bombings, and suiide attäks. Terrorist attäks are intended to apply suffiient pressures to a government. Sine 80s, sholars from diverse disiplines are trying to examine the relationship between terrorism and tourism (Rihter 1989; Rihter and Waugh 1986), the eonomi impäts of terrorism (Enders and Sandler 1991; Enders, Sandler and Parise 1992), impliations for tourism marketing (Brady and Widdows 1988; D'Amore and Anuza 1986; Hollier 1991; Sonmez 1994). The number of eonomis of terrorism studies has inreased dramatially sine 11 September 2001, where some 3,000 people died (Enders and Sandler, 2006), opening up a new dimension in terrorism, as well as a series of other terror attäks between 2001 and 2003. In the last deade a lot of ountries had terror attäks, suh as Frane (2012, 2015), US, Spain, the Netherlands, UK (2013), Belgium(2014), anada(2014), Australia(2014), Denmark(2015). This seminar paper aims to explain the onnetion between terrorism and tourism. Setion 1 reviews onepts and definitions that are neessary for understanding the eonomi onsequenes of terrorism and tourism. Setion 2 is an attempt to show the relationship between terrorism and tourism. Setion 3 provides empirial evidenes related to tourism and terrorism.